Greenhouse gas emissions analysis from industrial hazardous waste treatment: A case study in Qingdao, China

The rapid industrialization in China has led to significant environmental (especially the greenhouse effect) and human impacts resulting from the industrial hazardous waste (IHW) treatment. Given that incineration is the primary method of IHW disposal, it is imperative to conduct a thorough investigation into the characteristics of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and their mitigation based on the life-cycle assessment methodology. This study analysed the carbon emissions generated by the primary disposal systems within a typical IHW treatment park in Qingdao over a 3-year period. Of the park's six systems, the carbon emissions from medical waste incineration in 2020 were found to be the highest, totalling 1,377 kg CO₂-eq tonne^-1. Furthermore, direct GHG emissions accounted for approximately 62% of the total emissions, while electricity and water consumption significantly contributed to indirect emissions. The study indicated a promising potential for GHG emissions reduction, with an estimated 35% decrease by 2022. Moreover, it was projected to yield 49,505 tonnes CO₂-eq in carbon avoidance benefits through combined heat and power technology. A comparative analysis conducted in Shanghai highlighted its significance for advancing energy efficiency within the hazardous waste treatment sector. Consequently, this research is vital for formulating strategies to mitigate pollution and carbon emissions from IHW treatment parks.