Genetic Diversity and Distribution of Italian Cave Crickets (Dolichopoda): Toward a Better Understanding of Lineage Structure

Cave crickets of the genus <i>Dolichopoda</i> (Orthoptera; Rhaphidophoridae) represent a key component of cave ecosystems. In Italy, nine species are currently known, distributed from the northwestern regions to the southernmost Apennines, with occurrences also along various Tyrrhenian coastal areas and islands, including Sardinia. In this study, we focus on the Apennine region, where we sampled 18 populations of <i>Dolichopoda</i> spp. and sequenced mitochondrial markers (<i>cox1</i> and 16S) from newly collected individuals to investigate their distribution and genetic diversity. Our analyses identified two previously unrecognized lineages within <i>D. geniculata</i>. Moreover, the sampled caves in the northern Apennines allowed us to refine the distributional ranges of <i>D. geniculata</i>, <i>D. letitiae</i>, and <i>D. schiavazzii</i>. Finally, we provide comments to support a future taxonomic revision of the group.