Eco-Friendly Suppression of Grapevine Root Rot: Synergistic Action of Biochar and Trichoderma spp. Against Fusarium equiseti

The application of biochar and beneficial microorganisms has gained attention as a sustainable strategy to enhance soil health and plant resistance to pathogens. Trichoderma spp. play critical roles in nutrient mobilization, rhizosphere colonization, and suppression of soilborne diseases. However, little is known about the interactive effects of biochar and Trichoderma on the suppression of Fusarium equiseti (P1I3)-induced root rot in grapevine seedlings. In this study, we investigated the effects of two Trichoderma aureoviride strains (URM 6668 and URM 3734), with and without grapevine pruning-derived biochar (BVP), on disease severity, plant growth, and soil properties. Our results revealed that the combination of biochar and Trichoderma significantly reduced disease incidence and promoted biomass accumulation. Notably, BVP and T. aureoviride URM 3734 were the most effective at reducing leaf disease severity, resulting in a 53% decrease. Conversely, the combination of BVP and T. aureoviride URM 6668 led to the greatest reduction in root disease severity, with a 56% decrease. These findings suggest a synergistic relationship between biochar and beneficial fungi, reinforcing the role of organic soil amendments in promoting plant health. The integrated use of biochar and Trichoderma strains offers a viable, environmentally sound approach for managing grapevine root rot and enhancing seedling health in sustainable viticulture systems.