Core–Satellite Nanocomposites Synchronize Mild Photothermal Disruption and ROS Scavenging for Periodontal Microenvironment Rebalancing

Given the inherent microbial environment of the oral cavity, therapeutic strategies necessitate transcending conventional antimicrobial approaches to prioritize the restoration of immune homeostasis in periodontal microenvironments. Specifically, excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from the stimulation of periodontal pathogenic bacteria represent one of the most critical factors. Herein, we architecturally engineered core-satellite nanoarchitectures (PPAg) through polydopamine (PDA)-mediated integration of Prussian blue nanozymes (PB) with silver satellites, creating a dual-functional therapeutic platform. The platform integrates mild photothermal-enhanced bacterial eradication with enzymatic ROS scavenging, overcoming biofilm persistence and reprogramming the inflammatory microenvironment. The Prussian blue core's multienzyme-mimetic activity cooperates with silver's sustained antimicrobial action through the link and isolation effects of PDA coating, achieving mutual noninterference and enhanced stability. Crucially, the nanocomposites demonstrate mitigation of oxidative stress and inflammation through redox homeostasis restoration by sterilization and ROS scavenging. The developed nanocomposites significantly mitigated ROS-induced oxidative stress in Raw267.4 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide, owing to the multienzyme-like activities of PDA-coated PB nanozymes. In vivo experiments reveal a notable enhancement in bactericidal and anti-inflammatory effects, resulting from antibiofilm assays and Western blot analysis of inflammatory factors. The nanointegration strategy establishes a therapeutic paradigm that bridges antimicrobial precision and immune microenvironment remodeling, demonstrating the feasibility of concurrent biofilm eradication and modulation for inflammation.