Stable and Dendrite‐Free Zinc Metal Anodes Via Interface Nanoarchitectonics for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries

Abstract Aqueous rechargeable zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are emerging as promising candidates for next‐generation electrochemical energy storage systems due to their low cost, abundant resources, superior safety, and high theoretical storage capacity. However, their energy‐storing capacity and cycling stability performance are often hindered by issues related to the zinc (Zn) anode, such as dendrite formation, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), corrosion, and passivation. To improve the overall electrochemical performance of ZIBs, it's crucial to identify the causes of these Zn anode side reactions and explore strategies to mitigate them. The purpose of this review is twofold: first, to explore the challenges linked to the Zn anode, including the underlying causes and mechanisms of reactions, and second, to discuss various strategies for alleviating dendrite growth and side reactions. Additionally, the different strategies to optimize the Zn anode and electrolyte interface by modifying both components are summarized in detail. The modifications made to the separator also influence the interfacial properties between the Zn anode and the electrolyte. As a result, this review also covers the various engineering approaches used to modify the separator. Finally, potential material design approaches and strategies are outlined to enhance the Zn anode, electrolyte, and separator, which could drive the future development of aqueous ZIBs.