Incidence of Stoma-Related Complications after Loop Colostomy and Loop Ileostomy: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study

Background: Stoma formation is a common surgical procedure for managing colorectal conditions. Although it offers significant therapeutic benefits, stoma-related complications remain a major concern, adversely affecting patient outcomes and quality of life. Objective: To determine the incidence of complications following stoma creation and to identify factors associated with their occurrence. Materials and Methods: The present study was a single-center retrospective cohort study that included patients who underwent colostomy or ileostomy at the authors’ institution between 2021 and 2022. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with stoma-related complications. Results: Among 120 patients, postoperative complications occurred in 32 patients (26.67%). Complication rates by stoma type were 46.7% (7 out of 15) for ileostomy, 17.3% (13 out of 75) for transverse colostomy, and 40.0% (12 out of 30) for sigmoid colostomy. The most common complications were parastomal dermatitis in 20 cases (16.6%), and mucocutaneous separation in eight cases (6.6%). Univariable and multivariable analyses revealed that ileostomy (adj. OR 4.02, 95% CI 1.2 to 13.53, p=0.025), sigmoid colostomy (adj. OR 3.62, 95% CI 1.36 to 9.59, p=0.010), and cancer-related (adj. OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.91, p=0.216) were the significant factors affected complication rates. Conclusion: The overall complication rate was 26.67%. Transverse colostomy was associated with fewer complications than ileostomy and sigmoid colostomy. Patients with non-cancer-related conditions experienced a higher complication rate. These findings suggest that stoma type and indication should be carefully considered during surgical planning to reduce postoperative complications.