Analysis of acute coronary syndrome ıncidence and mortality before and after the COVID-19 pandemic

INTRODUCTION: During the pandemic, there was concern that mortality associated with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) would rise due to individuals’ hesitation towards seeking medical care. The effect of COVID-19 on the incidence, initial treatment, and mortality of ACS remains controversial. The objective of my study was to analyze the incidence, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of ACS cases before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to evaluate the influence of previous COVID-19 infection and vaccination status. MATERIAL AND METHODS: I performed a retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with ACS over two intervals: pre-pandemic (January–June 2019) and post-pandemic (February–July 2023). Demographic information, concomitant conditions, clinical manifestations, therapeutic interventions, and mortality rates were examined. The post-pandemic group had their COVID-19 history and vaccination status recorded. RESULTS: The research comprised 184 patients in the pre-pandemic and 149 in the post-pandemic cohort. The post-pandemic group exhibited markedly elevated rates of stent insertion (p = 0.028), chest discomfort (p = 0.043), dyspnea (p = 0.009), palpitations (p < 0.001), and STEMI (p = 0.005). Mortality rates were comparable across both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Although overall ACS hospitalization rates remained consistent, post-pandemic cases exhibited more severe presentations, indicating a change in the clinical pattern of ACS. These findings underscore the persistent cardiovascular burden of the pandemic and the necessity for adaptable techniques in ACS care.