Emerging Perspectives on Male Genital Vascular Malformations: From Gene Pathways to Robotic Surgery

Vascular deformities of the male genitalia, including arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), venous malformations, and lymphatic anomalies, are uncommon yet significant conditions that impact urogenital function, sexual health, and overall quality of life. These conditions may be congenital or acquired and can present with symptoms such as pain, swelling, erectile dysfunction, and hemorrhage. Recent advancements in diagnostic imaging, genetic analysis, and minimally invasive interventions have revolutionized their detection and treatment. This literature review examines the classification, pathophysiology, diagnostic techniques, and treatment strategies for male genital vascular deformities. It synthesizes data from peer-reviewed journals, clinical trials, and recent studies to provide a well-rounded analysis for medical professionals.