Green Synthesis of Camellia sinensismediated Selenium-doped Vitamin E and Chitosan Nanoparticles along with Evaluation of their Anti-inflammatory and Anticancer Activity: An Ex-vivo Study

Introduction: Green synthesis is an eco-friendly and sustainable approach for developing bioactive compounds with enhanced therapeutic potential. The biomaterials used in the present study are known for their antioxidant, biocompatible and therapeutic properties. The green synthesis of Camellia sinensis extract-mediated selenium-doped vitamin E and chitosan may contribute to better therapeutic activity. Aim: To synthesise Camellia sinensis-mediated seleniumdoped vitamin E and chitosan nanoparticles and to leverage their synergistic anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Materials and Methods: This ex-vivo study was conducted at AMR and Nanotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, from April 2024 to June 2024. The biosynthesis of Camellia sinensis-mediated Selenium-Doped Vitamin E and Chitosan (SeNPs-VitE/Chi) was performed and confirmed by Ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectroscopy. Further characterisation was conducted using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) analysis. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using the bovine serum albumin denaturation assay, followed by a cytotoxicity study on the lung cancer A549 cell line. The experiments were carried out in triplicate and the results were expressed as mean±Standard Deviation (SD). GraphPad Prism version 8 was utilised for statistical analysis. The Student’s t-test was employed to determine statistical significance with a p-value of <0.05 for Control vs. Se/Vitamin E + chitosan nanoparticles in the experiments. Results: The UV-Visible spectroscopy exhibited a characteristic peak at 310 nm for the Selenium Nanoparticles (SeNPs), accompanied by a visible colour change. SEM revealed rodshaped structures with lengths ranging from 250 to 550 nm. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy identified molecular bonds corresponding to C-I stretching, C-H, C-O and C=O groups in the SeNPs-VitE/Chi. The nanoparticles demonstrated a peak anti-inflammatory activity of 52.6% at a concentration of 100 μg/mL, although diclofenac, showed a higher activity of 65.1%. Cytotoxicity studies revealed an IC50 value of 121 μg/mL against the A549 lung cancer cell line, underscoring the potential biomedical applications of these nanoparticles. Conclusion: The present study highlights the potential of green-synthesised SeNPs-VitE/Chi as a promising therapeutic agent with anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties, paving the way for future biomedical applications.