Integrated Approaches for Improving Cold Resistance in Solanaceae Family Plants

In the context of global climate change, integrated approaches to increasing cold resistance in plants of the Solanaceae family are of particular importance. The review considers a set of contemporary strategies with the potential to enhance the adaptive capacity of plants. The role of transcription factor genes (CBF/DREB, etc.), which play a key role in ensuring plant resistance to low temperatures by modulating the expression of protective proteins and antioxidant enzymes, is summarized. Particular attention is paid to genome editing technologies using CRISPR/Cas, RNA interference, and methods of fine control of the state of genetic information, which allow fine-tuning plant responses without making significant changes to the genome structure. These methodologies enable the precise calibration of plant responses without inducing substantial alterations to genome structure. Moreover, the potential applications of microbiome-based methods are examined, encompassing the incorporation of endophytic and rhizosphere microorganisms that have the capacity to augment stress resilience by modulating the phytohormone status and antioxidant systems of plants. A number of agrotechnical approaches are described that, when employed in combination with other methods, provide effective protection of plants from low temperatures. The approaches delineated in the review facilitate the creation of new varieties of Solanaceae plants that exhibit enhanced cold resistance and maintain high productivity in unstable climate conditions.