Beyond Headcounts: Towards an Inclusive and Intersectional Framework for the 2027 Caste Census

The union government has recently announced to have a caste census in 2027, which has given rise to numerous debates. But across all these, one section which has often remained overlooked is intersectionality of caste and gender. Historically, census data have reinforced stereotypes by treating Dalit, Adivasi and OBC women as a homogenous, passive group. It has always ignored their diverse realities and structural challenges. Therefore, this article inquires if the 2027 census may advance data justice through the application of an intersectional framework that appropriately represents caste–gender inequality. This analysis critiques previous censuses for their misrepresentation of vulnerable women and suggests reforms via disaggregated data, participatory methodologies and gender-sensitive training for enumerators. It contends that the census should transcend mere headcounts to serve as an instrument of justice, facilitating policies that empower rather than marginalize.