Diversity of Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes in Myanmar

The experiment was carried out to evaluate the genetic diversity of upland rice genotypes. The 83 upland rice genotypes (Oryza sativa L.) were grown from June 2023 to November 2023 at the Seed Bank Research field for phenotypic characters and the grain quality test was conducted from December 2023 to May 2024, at Seed bank and Rice Research Center under Department of Agricultural Research (DAR), Yezin, Myanmar. The diversity of 83 upland rice genotypes was assessed through 67 phenotypic characters. A moderate diversity index (0.60) was observed and the genotypes were grouped into six clusters. Clusters I and II each consisted of only one genotype (1.2%) whereas Cluster III had three genotypes (3.6%). Cluster IV contained two genotypes (2.4%), and Cluster V comprised 12 genotypes (14.5%). The maximum number of 64 genotypes (77.1%) was observed in Cluster VI. Kauk Hnyin Saba of cluster I and IR - 71524-26-2-1 of cluster II should be preserved to prevent genetic losses as there were no genetically similar genotype within the cluster. The distinct characteristics observed within these clusters provide valuable opportunities and potential for varietal improvement program in upland rice.