Collaboration Between Actors In Disaster Mitigation In Manado City

Manado City is an area with a high level of vulnerability to hydrometeorological disasters due to geographical factors, uncontrolled urbanization, and the impact of climate change. In this context, collaboration between governments, communities, and non-governmental institutions is an important key in realizing an adaptive and participatory disaster mitigation system. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of collaboration between actors in disaster mitigation in Manado City, focusing on interaction patterns, role sharing, and structural and cultural barriers that affect the effectiveness of synergy between parties. Using a qualitative approach with a case study design, data was collected secondary through official documents, policy reports, and academic publications, and then analyzed using thematic analysis techniques. The results show that despite strong driving factors such as high disaster threats and public awareness, the implementation of collaboration is still procedural, dominated by the government, and lacks equal involvement of non-government actors. Weak trust between actors, lack of substantive dialogue, and lack of an integrated information system are the main obstacles in building effective collaboration. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the need for a collaborative governance approach that integrates the principles of equality, meaningful participation, and social trust as the foundation of synergy. The theoretical contribution of this study enriches the literature on disaster governance, while practically offering an adaptive collaboration model that can be replicated in other disaster-prone urban areas.