Prevalence of sleep bruxism, awake bruxism, self-reported temporomandibular disorders, sleep disturbances, and oral health conditions: a comprehensive analysis

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of sleep and awake bruxism, temporomandibular disorders, sleep disturbances, and self-reported oral conditions. Additionally, it sought to evaluate the relative risk of sleep bruxism for dental fractures and restorations, as well as the association between awake bruxism and temporomandibular joint alterations. 500 patients treated at the FAESA dental clinic were selected, following pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria. A structured questionnaire was administered in person, collecting demographic data, information on sleep quality through questions adapted from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders through questions adapted from the American Academy of Orofacial Pain questionnaire. The results indicated a predominance of individuals without dental fractures or restorations, especially among those without a diagnosis of sleep bruxism. However, a relative risk of 1.23 was found for dental fractures or restorations in patients with sleep bruxism. Additionally, a higher prevalence of temporomandibular joint alterations was observed in participants with awake bruxism, resulting in a relative risk of 1.24. It is concluded that patients with sleep bruxism are 1.23 times more likely to experience dental fractures or restorations. Similarly, individuals with awake bruxism are 1.24 times more likely to present temporomandibular joint alterations. These results highlight the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate management of bruxism to prevent complications related to oral and joint health.