In vitro Study on Phytochemical Characterization, Antibacterial, Antibiofilm and Antioxidant Efficacies of Azolla filiculoides from Türkiye

This study aimed to investigate for antibacterial, antibiofilm and antioxidant potentials of Azolla filiculoides. The total phenol and flavanoid contents and radical scavenging activities were determined to appraise of the antioxidant potential with using ethanol, methanol and chloroform extracts. Since methanol extract showed respectively high antioxidant activity, further analysis were performed with methanol extract. GC analysis revealed distinct patterns of phytochemical composition. Antibacterial and antibiofilm efficiency were examined and tested against the Gram-negative; Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Yersinia enterocolitica, the Gram-positive; Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The highest phenol content was found in methanol extract at 117.2±3.6 µg/mg. The methanol extract showed the highest antioxidant activity from ABTS and DPPH (IC50 of 356.9±5.3 and 15.2±1.8 µg/mL, respectively). After the phytochemical characterization, it was found 24 compounds with major compounds; n-hexadecanoic acid (7.93%) and hydroquinone (4.15%). The highest inhibition zone was shown in E. coli (17±0.7 mm). A. filiculoides methanol extract exhibited antibacterial activity with the MIC (250-1000 µg/mL) against the tested strains. The maximum degradation of established biofilm was noticed at MIC with percentage of 47.6 and 48, against S. typhimurium and Y. enterocolitica, respectively. In conclusion, data indicated that the A. filiculoides methanol extract had got importantly phytochemical compositions and possessed potential antioxidant, antibacterial and antibiofilm activities.