Deciphering spatiotemporal patterns of rhizodeposition with a functional-structural root model: RhizoDep

Abstract Background and Aims Rhizodeposition, i.e. the release of organic matters by roots, constitutes a significant fraction of the plant carbon (C) budget and plays a key role in plant-soil interactions. However, its spatial and temporal dynamics remain poorly understood. Methods We developed RhizoDep, a new functional-structural root model that simulates 3D root growth, respiration, and rhizodeposition based on C balance and root morphology at the individual root segment level. Results Our model successfully reproduced the dynamics of belowground C flows observed in a previous pulse-labelling field experiment on spring wheat. Our simulations revealed that root C exudation largely dominated over mucilage secretion and cap cells sloughing in terms of C release. The spatial distribution of exudation rate along the roots was driven by the preferential unloading of sugars to support root elongation and emergence, and was modulated by the formation of apoplastic barriers. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that, for a given C allocation flow to roots, variations in root hairs or lateral root number had minimal effects on rhizodeposition, whereas changes in root tissue density had a significant impact. Conclusion RhizoDep offers a new opportunity to explore the dynamics of C exchange at the plant-soil interface and to identify traits and environmental conditions that favor rhizodeposition.