An examination of the relationship between self-confidence and bullying among adolescent athletes and non-athletes

Introduction: this study addressed the relationship between self-confidence and bullying involvement among adolescent athletes and non-athletes, a topic of growing importance in the field of educational psychology and youth development. Objective: the research aimed to examine whether self-confidence, athletic participation, gender, and sport type influence bullying involvement, and to determine if athlete status moderates the relationship between self-confidence and bullying behavior among adolescents. Methodology: a quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted with 300 adolescents, categorized as athletes and non-athletes. participants completed a structured questionnaire on bullying and self-confidence. analyses included logistic regression, Chi-square tests, One-way ANOVA, MANOVA, and multiple linear regression for moderation effects. Results: the findings showed that lower self-confidence was associated with higher bullying involvement. athletes exhibited significantly lower rates of bullying than non-athletes. team sports participants reported the highest bullying scores, and males showed greater involvement than females. moderation analysis revealed that athlete status significantly weakened the relationship between self-confidence and bullying. Discussion: the results confirmed earlier research suggesting that sport participation and psychological factors jointly influence adolescent social behavior. however, differences across sport types and genders highlighted the need for more nuanced investigation into contextual variables. Conclusions: in conclusion, fostering self-confidence and promoting inclusive, supportive sport environments appears essential for mitigating bullying among adolescents.