A Review of Studies on Incidental Acquisition of Second Language Vocabulary

This paper reviews research on incidental vocabulary acquisition (IVA) in second language learning conducted both in China and abroad over the past two decades. Incidental vocabulary acquisition refers to the unconscious acquisition of new vocabulary by learners during non-explicit vocabulary learning activities such as reading or listening. This review focuses on the relationship between language skills and IVA, the influence of input and output on vocabulary acquisition, the promotion of vocabulary learning through multiple language skills, and IVA in multimedia environments. Additionally, it explores how learner factors, multimedia tools, and cross-cultural perspectives impact IVA. Based on an analysis of current literature, existing gaps are identified, and future research directions are suggested, including the integration of emerging technologies like virtual reality in vocabulary learning and the design of individualized tasks for learners of varying proficiency levels. The aim is to encourage deeper exploration in this field and provide pedagogical implications for enhancing vocabulary acquisition efficiency in second language teaching and learning.