Neo-Nazism in Ukraine: Origins, Evolution, and Current Manifestations

The article provides an in-depth analysis of neo-Nazism in Ukraine as a complex sociopolitical phenomenon with significant implications for both the country's domestic policies and international relations. It explores the historical prerequisites and ideological foundations of Ukrainian far-right radicalism, tracing its origins back to the development of integral nationalism and the activities of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN-UPA) in the first half of the 20th century. Special attention is devoted to the transformation and evolution of radical movements in independent Ukraine since 1991, their role during and after the Euromaidan events of 2013–2014, and the subsequent militarization and institutional strengthening of groups such as the Azov Regiment and others. The article further analyses the impact of far-right organizations on Ukrainian public life, cultural policy, historical memory, and the ideological climate in contemporary Ukraine. Considerable attention is given to examining the international connections of Ukrainian farright groups and their external support, including through diaspora communities and transnational extremist networks. Additionally, the study explores the official positions of the Russian Federation and other states regarding Ukrainian neo-Nazism, assessing how this issue influences negotiation processes and prospects for post-conflict settlement in Ukraine. The author emphasizes the necessity of comprehensive research and objective assessment of Ukrainian neo-Nazism, as its implications extend far beyond the national level, affecting critical issues of international law, regional security, and global stability. The analysis relies on scholarly research and official sources, enabling the distinction between factual evidence, common stereotypes, and politicized interpretations.