Prevalence of mental disorders among young males in Swedish compulsory residential care

Several findings in this study align with previous research, such as the prevalence of diagnosed conditions and co-morbidities. Some results did diverge, however, and ADHD and SUD were found to have higher prevalences in our study, while CD was considerably lower compared to previous findings. It remains unclear why CD prevalence was low, but it may have to do with the high prevalence of ADHD, and a general reluctance to assess for CD. In Sweden, where this study was carried out, both clinical and general awareness of ADHD has increased over the last two decades, alongside revised diagnostic criteria in DSM-5, which may have improved identification, and assessment, and led to an increase in diagnoses. It may also, in part, have led to clinicians prioritizing assessments of ADHD over CD.