Can China’s national fitness policy contribute to achieving universal health? Analysis based on the three-dimensional framework

The results show that the core themes of the NFP focus on infrastructure development, mass sports activities, and the public health service system. In terms of policy tools, there is an overall structural imbalance and internal disarray, with environmental policy tools dominating, supplemented by supply-side policies, while demand-side policies are insufficient. The level of policy consistency is good, and the design is relatively scientific and reasonable. However, there are significant differences between policies, and some indicators need improvement. Therefore, we recommend: enhancing cross-departmental, cross-disciplinary, and cross-regional cooperation, emphasizing evidence-based decision-making; promoting the balanced development of national fitness, increasing the inclusivity of policies, and focusing on the rights of special groups; Increasing incentive measures to encourage social participation; increasing the use of demand-oriented policy tools; improving the policy evaluation system to achieve dynamic optimization of policies.