In vitro Antibacterial and Antioxidant Potential of Essential Oil and Organic Solvent Extracts of Diospyros peregrina in Bangladesh

Introduction: Diospyros peregrina (Gaertn.) is a well-known ethnomedicinal plant, and the fruits of this plant have been traditionally used in different activities for its diverse phytochemicals. This research work aimed to screen bioactive phytochemicals and therapeutic activity from the fruits of D. peregrine. Methods: GC-MS analysis was performed to screen the phytochemicals of the essential oil extracted by hydro-distillation. Disc diffusion was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration and inhibitory activities as well as to evaluate DPPH, superoxide, and nitric oxide radical scavenging tests. Results: The study found that 40 compounds made up 89.09% of the total oil, with the main constituents being oleik asit with Linolenic acid and methyl ester (22.20%), linoleic acid and methyl ester (12.93%), palmitic acid and methyl ester (10.12%), and stearic acid and methyl ester (8.71%). The essential oil showed a maximum inhibition zone of 20.2±1.1 mm against Staphylococcus aureus MEBTN2 and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 62.5 μl/mL for both E. coli MEBTN6 and Staphylococcus aureus MEBTN2, and MIC of Ethyl acetate extract was 62.5 μg/mL for Bacillus subtilis RKP-2. Significant superoxide and nitric oxide radical scavenging was noted with IC50 values of 25.33, 47.13, 75.25, and 87.13 μg/mL, respectively, whereas the essential oil and ethyl acetate extracts demonstrated robust DPPH scavenging (IC50 values of 17.21 and 25.53 μg/mL). Conclusion: This study highlighted the potential therapeutic application of D. peregrine-derived essential oil and organic solvent extracts.