Technological sovereignty of the state: Practical experience of Ukraine and the European Union

The purpose of the study was to comprehensively examine the impact of technological sovereignty on economic and national security. The paper considered key aspects of technological sovereignty. The results of the study showed that technological sovereignty has a substantial and multifaceted impact on national security, including economic, energy stability, and military security of the country. This ensures the sustainability of national economies and reduces dependence on global markets and critical technologies, which is especially important in the context of growing competition with major technology players. Ensuring economic independence also allows the country to control strategically important resources, contributing to more sustainable development in the face of international turbulence. The impact on energy security is manifested through the introduction of innovations in the field of renewable energy sources, the development of own energy efficiency technologies, and the creation of national networks for energy management, which helps to reduce dependence on imported energy resources and increases resistance to external influences, such as energy crises and economic sanctions. Military security, as an important component of national security, is also substantially strengthened through technological sovereignty. In particular, the development of its own cyber technologies, defence systems, artificial intelligence systems, and data analysis technologies minimises the risks of external interference in defence processes and ensures the country’s independence in the field of national defence. Technological sovereignty allows for a more effective protection of critical infrastructure from cyber attacks and a reduction of dependence on foreign developments. The experience of Ukraine and the EU showed different approaches to achieving technological independence, including support for national research, development of their own semiconductors and digital technologies, cybersecurity programs and initiatives to reduce technological dependence. These factors highlighted the need to integrate public strategies to build technological sovereignty as a key component of national and economic security