Evaluation of Blood Pressure and Associated Risks in Canine Disorders: A Diagnostic Perspective

Background: The present study was undertaken to investigate the association of systolic arterial pressure in various clinical conditions in dogs. During the study period, from May 2024 to October 2024, a total of 122 dogs presented at Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Jabalpur (M.P.) were examined. The blood pressure was recorded in 122 dogs, presented with various clinical conditions such as renal affections, cardiac disorders, ascites, ocular affections, diabetes mellitus, epistaxis, haemoprotozoan diseases etc., to determine the relationship between blood pressure and disease-specific clinical manifestations. Methods: All the diseased dogs were subjected to measurement of blood pressure by Doppler Vet BP machine.Haemato-biochemical parameters and different diagnostic modalities like ultrasonography and electrocardiography were performed to ensure the diagnosis of concerned clinical conditions.The association between blood pressure and clinical conditions in dogs was evaluated using the classification system proposed by American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) hypertension guidelines. Result: In renal cases, 21.62% dogs were having SAP ≥160 mm Hg. The target organ risk categorization using value of SAP revealed that out of 29 dogs, 20.69%, 51.72%, 13.79% and 13.79% were at minimal risk, mild risk, moderate risk and high risk, respectively. In cardiac cases, 13.51% dogs were having SAP ≥160 mm Hg with target organ risk categorization revealed that out of 11 dogs, 27.27%, 27.27%, 36.36% and 9.09% were at minimal risk, mild risk, moderate risk and high risk respectively. In ascites (hepatic origin) cases, 8.10% dogs were having SAP ≥160 mm Hg. The target organ risk categorization revealed that out of 23 dogs, 60.86%, 26.08% and 13.04% were at minimal risk, mild risk, moderate risk, respectively. In ocular cases, 8.10% dogs were having SAP ≥160 mm Hg. The target organ risk categorization revealed that out of 06 dogs, 50%, 33.33% and 16.67% were at mild risk, moderate risk and high risk, respectively. The mean SAP in diabetes mellitus, epistaxis, obesity, gastroenteritis and haemoprotozoan affected dogs were 161.50±3.50, 147.60±9.32, 161.75±8.04, 139.38±7.75 and 142.18±7.11, respectively. This study emphasizes the multifactorial nature of hypertension in dogs, its association with clinical conditions and the risk of target-organ damage (TOD).