Atypical Presentation of Blastocystis-Related Dysentery in an HIV-Infected Patient

<i>Blastocystis hominis</i> (<i>B. hominis</i>) is a protozoan parasite that inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. Often considered a commensal parasite, severe manifestations are uncommon and isolated. This case report describes a case of <i>B. hominis</i> infection in an HIV-seropositive individual manifesting as dysentery. The diagnosis was confirmed through both microscopic and quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR), which proved to be highly sensitive and specific for detecting this parasite. The patient was treated with cotrimoxazole and metronidazole in addition to antiretroviral therapy. The findings underscore the importance of utilizing advanced diagnostic techniques to accurately identify <i>B. hominis</i> in immunocompromised patients, thereby facilitating prompt and appropriate management.