Evaluating the Impact of Risk Communication as A Disaster Preventive and Mitigatory Strategy During the Covid-19 Outbreak in Zimbabwe (2019-2023)

During the COVID-19 pandemic, declared in March 2020, global governments enacted measures like lockdowns. However, the importance of risk perception and communication in promoting health behaviors was underestimated, leading to significant consequences. This study, using a mixed-methods approach with 2290 survey participants, 8 focus groups, and interviews, tested three hypotheses: the effect of risk communication on risk perception (H1), its use in pandemic mitigation (H2), and its positive correlation with protective actions (H3). It examined how risk communication influences behaviors, morbidity, and mortality, and its adjustment for different social groups. Theoretical frameworks used included the Risk Communication Model, Protection Motivation Theory, and the Health Belief Model. Findings affirmed the hypotheses, showing risk communication’s pivotal role in changing perceptions and behaviors. It is vital for community engagement, behavior modification, and reducing morbidity and mortality. The study also revealed that risk communication was underused until the pandemic’s second wave, underscoring the need for governments to enhance efforts and reach remote areas. In addition to pharmaceutical interventions, lockdowns, and quarantines, the study indicated that risk communication and risk perception are crucial for raising community participation, altering behavior, reducing morbidity and death, and encouraging protective actions. To successfully alter risk perception during disasters as the pandemic and laws evolve, the study recommends the need to tailor risk communication to the needs of various social groups. Governments should focus on risk communication, adapt strategies for diverse groups, and provide specific information for successful risk perception management during crises.