Temperature-dependent X-ray degradation in dicarboxylic acids: Insights from low-temperature XPS analysis

In this study, we investigate the effects of X-ray exposure on low-temperature samples of dicarboxylic acids - malonic acid, succinic acid, and glutaric acid - using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Unlike previous findings with powdered samples, where X-ray induced degradation was evident, the LT samples exhibited remarkable stability under X-ray irradiation. By maintaining the samples at cryogenic temperatures, we effectively mitigated the thermal degradation pathways that typically lead to decarboxylation and other chemical modifications. High-resolution XPS spectra acquired over extended periods revealed no significant changes in the chemical composition or binding energy states of the low-temperature samples, confirming their stability. This work highlights the critical role of temperature control in preserving the integrity of X-ray sensitive materials during surface analysis. Our findings provide a robust framework for conducting accurate and reliable XPS analyses on thermally labile compounds, offering valuable insights for researchers in surface science and materials characterization. Published in Applied Surface Science, Volume 656, 30 May 2024, Article 159,703. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.159703