A Theological and Ethical Reflection on the Bible and Polygyny in Indigenous African Society

The theological and ethical tensions surrounding polygyny, especially within African cultural contexts, have sparked debates among many scholars. While polygyny is rooted in African traditions and kinship systems, the Bible presents a prescriptive sense of secure belonging and a transformative vision of “they shall become one flesh.” This vision is based on the principles of creation, covenant, and equality. The main question is: Why is the polygynous structure difficult to reconcile with the biblical language of “two becoming one”? To achieve the aims of this study, theological and ethical methods are employed alongside qualitative research techniques. The methodology mainly relies on secondary sources, such as scholarly works and published materials. The study shows that African practices often combine philosophical and cultural ideas, including beliefs that polygyny addresses infertility issues, grants immortality, replaces divorce, and seeks a male heir to preserve the family name. Against these views, some African Christians argue that monogamy should be the ideal, since polygyny contradicts the Bible’s prescriptive claim. Also, a superficial interpretation of Scripture, without considering context, theology, and ethics, can be misleading. I, therefore, recommend that the church prioritise sound theological and ethical teachings on ideal marriage. It should adopt a faithful and pastoral approach that upholds biblical truth without causing unnecessary harm. African Christians committed to having only one wife should serve as models for others to refrain from polygyny. Children’s rights must be protected, ensuring that those in polygynous families facing neglect are given equal opportunities. This study addresses the theological and ethical gap between monogamous and polygynous marriages within African Christianity.