Comparative study of In-Vitro Antioxidant and Thrombolytic activities, In-Vitro Anti-Anemic activity of ethanolic fruit and leaf extracts of Phoenix sylvestris in anemic rats

In order to prevent problems from thrombosis in atherosclerotic arteries that affect the heart, brain, extremities, and stagnant blood in veins and heart chambers, it is crucial to treat patients with haemostatic problems effectively. Using chemical agents that are already on the market presents challenges because there is a possibility of numerous adverse effects. An investigation using medicinal plants was done in an effort to prevent that. This study was conducted to assess the in-vitro anticoagulant and thrombolytic thromboplastin time using human plasma activities by measuring clotting time, prothrombin time, and activated partial collected from healthy volunteers at various concentrations. Additionally, the in-vivo anti-anemic activity of Phoenix sylvestris fruit and leaf extracts was evaluated in phenyl hydrazine-induced anemic rats. There were seven groups of rats, each containing six rats. While the other groups were given phenyl hydrazine 60 mg/kg b.w. for two days to induce anaemia Group I was given normal saline as a control. Group II is the positive control; it only received treatment with phenyl hydrazine, whereas Group III received standard treatment with a vitamin B12 complex. functioned as the norm. Groups VI and VII were treated with ethanolic leaf extract of P. sylvestris (250 and 500 mg kg-1 b.w.), whereas Groups IV and V were treated with ethanolic fruit extract at varying doses (250 and 500 mg/kg b.w.). All the treatments were given orally and continued up to 28 days. On 29th day, blood was withdrawn, through tail puncture and subjected to the estimation of RBC, Haemoglobin and percentage haematocrit using haematology analyser. Both extracts showed a more notable effect on the prolongation of these coagulation parameters and significantly increased coagulation. The fruit extract produced preferential increase in bleeding and clotting time, nevertheless the effect was more perceptible compared to leaf extract. When compared to P. sylvestris leaf extract, the fruit extract of P. sylvestris significantly increased haemoglobin, red blood cells, and percentage haematocrit; the outcomes were comparable to those of standard vitamin B12 complex. Thus, the present study provides the pharmacological basis for its medical use in cardiovascular and other thrombotic disorders due to its significant anticoagulant, thrombolytic and anti-anemic activities.