Physical, mechanical and durability properties of Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex J.C.Wendl.: implications for sustainable construction in Nigeria

The incidence and severity of climate-related problems such as flooding, erosion and extreme heat are increasing across the globe. Such problems are in part attributed to the construction industry’s dependency on high CO 2 -emission materials such as concrete and steel. Although there is a range of alternative materials, such as bamboo, which are in abundant supply, have low carbon footprints and are great thermal insulators, their use is quite low in Nigeria. We investigated how bamboo, specifically Bambusa vulgaris , from Abuja, Nigeria, could help meet the demands of building construction while being resilient to climate change. Laboratory tests were done to establish the physical, mechanical and durability properties of bamboo to evaluate its performance under different environmental conditions. Average water absorption percentages for fresh and dry bamboo samples were determined to be 16.0 % and 19.1 %, respectively, with moisture content averaging at 28.0 % and 17.7 %, respectively. The dry specimens had the greatest tensile strength, with a value of 84.8 MPa. The average compressive strengths were 13.7 MPa and 16.6 MPa for fresh and dry bamboo samples, respectively. We provide quantitative information on the physical and mechanical properties of Bambusa vulgaris , demonstrating its structural performance and environmental impact as well as its sustainability and potential ability to counteract the negative effects of climate change. Our research will assist in the formulation of building regulations and standards in addition to encouraging the use of bamboo in eco–friendly construction uses. • Nigerian green and dry Bambusa vulgaris results show an average compressive strength of 13.7 MPa and 16.6 MPa respectively. • Green Bambusa vulgaris has higher bending strength compared to the dry one indicating that its moisture content affects its bending strength. • Tensile strength of 66.9 MPa and 84.8 MPa were obtained for Nigerian green and dry Bambusa vulgaris respectively. • The high tensile and compressive strengths of Nigerian dry Bambusa vulgaris compared to the green one is due to the influence of moisture content. • Dry Bambusa vulgaris is stronger when pulled or pushed, but it is not as bendy as the fresh/green Bambusa vulgaris .