Research status and development trends of electromagnetic sensors

Purpose This paper aims to systematically summarize representative research findings on electromagnetic sensors (EMS) in recent years. EMS are widely applied in various fields owing to their high precision, resistance to harsh environments and relatively simple structure. Design/methodology/approach This paper categorizes EMS into four types based on their operating principles: eddy current, electromagnetic induction, Hall effect and magnetoelastic–magnetostrictive. Subsequently, considering the progress in information technology, material science and manufacturing techniques associated with sensors, four developmental trends in EMS are identified: smart sensing, sensor flexibility, multifunctional sensing and integration. Findings Representative research achievements within each development trend are introduced, with a summary of both the innovative approaches adopted and the electromagnetic research methods used. In addition, factors currently limiting the further development of EMS are identified and discussed. Originality/value Current development trends of EMS are synthesized in this paper, building on this, the development trends of EMS are categorized into smart sensing, flexibility, multifunctional sensing and integration. Finally, the factors influencing their development are elaborated upon in this paper.