Ethics of Legalization of Euthanasia in the Indian Context

Euthanasia remains one of the most ethically and spiritually contested issues in modern healthcare. This paper explores the multifaceted ethical debates and religious perspectives that shape global and regional attitudes toward euthanasia, with a particular focus on India. Ethically, euthanasia raises critical questions about autonomy, dignity, and the role of medical professionals in end-of-life care. While proponents argue for the right to die with dignity and relief from unbearable suffering, opponents cite the sanctity of life, potential for coercion, and the slippery slope toward non-voluntary euthanasia. Religious traditions significantly influence these views. Hinduism and Buddhism, though varied in interpretation, often discourage euthanasia due to beliefs in karma and the spiritual importance of natural death. Christianity and Islam largely oppose euthanasia, citing divine sovereignty over life and death. In contrast, some secular ethical frameworks prioritize individual rights and quality of life. The paper also considers how these religious and moral tensions impact legislation and access to palliative care, particularly in resource-strained settings. Ultimately, understanding the ethical and spiritual dimensions of euthanasia is essential for shaping compassionate and culturally sensitive healthcare policies that respect both patient autonomy and deeply held beliefs.