Thermal and Chemical Characterization of Freeze‐Thawed Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Nanofibers Loaded With Amphotericin B for Advanced Biomaterial Applications

ABSTRACT A modeling approach was developed to obtain electrospun polymeric nanofibers, focusing on their chemical and thermal properties for potential biomaterial applications. The study aimed to explore new formulations and matrix systems for Amphotericin B (AmB), a drug known for adverse effects such as nephrotoxicity. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), a biocompatible, biodegradable, and hydrophilic polymer, was selected as the polymeric matrix for encapsulating liposomal AmB. Nanofibers were produced using a PVA concentration of 22.5% (w/w) and varying AmB concentrations of 1.25%, 2.5%, and 5% (w/w) relative to polymer weight to determine the optimal conditions for drug aggregation. To enhance the surface properties and thermal stability of the nanofibers, the study also investigated mats modified by the freeze–thawing technique under the same process parameters. The mats were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to evaluate their morphological, crystalline, and thermal properties. Results demonstrated compatibility between the polymer and the drug, with interactions leading to increased fiber diameter, crystallite size, glass transition, and degradation temperatures. This study highlights the robust chemical and thermal stability of the freeze–thawed nanofibers, demonstrating their potential for controlled drug delivery systems and advanced biomaterial applications. The observed properties suggest these nanofibers can sustain drug loading sufficient for therapeutic purposes while maintaining structural integrity, making them a promising candidate for future use in wound dressings.