Research on Cognitive Load of Tunnel Construction Workers in Different Environments Based on EEG

The tunnel construction environment is complex, and workers’ cognitive load directly affects safety and efficiency, making a dynamic assessment urgently needed. This study aims to explore the cognitive load of tunnel construction workers under different working environments using EEG technology. In the experimental design, subjects adapted to the virtual reality (VR) environment and received instructions before wearing a wireless EEG system and VR equipment to begin the formal experiment. Each subject underwent four rounds of experiments, corresponding to four different scenarios: control, night shift, noise, and confined space. Each round included three tasks of low, medium, and high difficulty. Analysis of EEG data showed that tunnel construction tasks in different environments significantly affected cognitive load, especially during night shifts and in confined spaces, with cognitive load increasing significantly with task difficulty. The results provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the management of tunnel construction environments and task design.