GeoAI in Topographic Mapping: Navigating the Future of Opportunities and Risks

Geospatial Artificial Intelligence (GeoAI) has been advancing and altering geographic information systems and Earth observation by enhancing the computation and understanding capabilities of these systems. In this context, the application of GeoAI in topographic mapping presents a transformative opportunity for national mapping agencies worldwide. While GeoAI offers significant advantages, its adoption can also introduce new challenges, necessitating organization-wide transformations for sustainable implementation. Opportunities in the future of topographic mapping include improved data processing and real-time mapping capabilities. However, the adoption of GeoAI also brings forth various risks, including data privacy concerns, algorithmic biases, and the need for robust cybersecurity measures, which are pivotal to the national mapping organizations. Given the rapid technological advancements in AI and computing, and the challenges that national mapping agencies currently face, we discuss the potential opportunities and risks of GeoAI from a multi-perspective view. By examining global examples and trends, and synthesizing insights from current applications and theoretical frameworks, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of GeoAI’s impact on topographic mapping within the context of national mapping, offering strategic recommendations for stakeholders to leverage opportunities while mitigating risks.