Global burden of paralytic ileus and intestinal obstruction, 1990–2021: a GBD 2021 analysis

PI&IO continues to impose a considerable global health burden, with pronounced disparities across regions and socioeconomic contexts. While high-SDI regions experience higher incidence due to enhanced detection, low-SDI countries face persistently high YLLs owing to limited access to timely diagnosis and surgical care. Targeted public health strategies, including early intervention, healthcare infrastructure investment, and policies tailored to vulnerable populations such as infants, the elderly, and residents of low-resource settings, are essential to reduce preventable mortality.