The Provision of Insolations in Residential Premises due to Buildings Position within an Urban Tissue, Their Forms, Sizes and Huge Plastics of their Facades

The article deals with the problems of desired prolongation of insolation in premises of residential buildings. Following factors, affecting the procedure, are being analysed: the position of a building considered within the context of an urban development, the size and volume of buildings in question of surrounding objects and huge plastics of facades. Moreover, the planning solution of residential buildings floors and their part in the insolation process creation are being discussed too. The conclusions from the studies, which are the fundamentals for the article, considered let us to make some useful recommendations, aimed to improve, or at least, to optimum the insolation process in residential buildings in modern urban conditions. In particular, the duration of insolation can be increased by using bay windows more widely. However, this requires more complex architectural and structural solutions for external walls with large plastic elements. The shading effect of bay windows themselves can be eliminated by increasing the spacing of their placement on the facades, using large panoramic windows between them and, in some cases, by switching to a free, asymmetrical layout of building floors. The duration of insolation can also be increased by various urban planning measures, reducing the height of the surrounding buildings or, conversely, developing them in height, thereby reducing the area of development of individual buildings. In addition, it is advisable to divide the volumes of buildings into two main functional zones: the lower public and upper residential. A higher location of the residential functional zone allows one to observe a longer trajectory of the Sun in its premises and, consequently, a longer duration of insolation.