The Role of Lighting Systems in Biotechnology of Phototrophic Microorganisms

The field of biotechnology involving the use of biomass from phototrophic microorganisms (microalgae and cyanobacteria) is actively developing worldwide. These microorganisms can produce a variety of products ranging from pharmaceutical and cosmetic substances to motor biofuels and fertilizers. Importantly, phototrophic microorganisms consume carbon dioxide and produce oxygen during their growth, doing so more efficiently than higher plants. Consequently, technologies utilizing these organisms have a significant positive impact on the climate. Light, which can be either natural or artificial, serves as the energy source necessary for the life processes of phototrophic microorganisms. The use of electrical lighting, either as the primary source or in combination with daylight, enhances the efficiency the microorganisms cultivation. This article explores the primary solutions for creating photobioreactor systems that use electrical lighting. It provides data on the main lighting devices used in these systems and essential information on the requirements for these devices based on the specific characteristics of the cultivated microorganisms and their pigments. It is demonstrated that modern lighting technology solutions could improve the efficiency of photo-bioreactor systems, especially when applied in urban environments.