569. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE ROLE OF GUT MICROBIOTA IN THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ADHD AND THE POTENTIAL OF PROBIOTIC STRAINS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF ADHD SYMPTOMS

Abstract Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a condition of brain dysfunction that causes a person to have difficulty controlling impulses and can inhibit activities such as easily distracted attention. In recent years, there has been a lot of development of gut microbiota science in the field of psychiatry, one of which is used in ADHD cases. Currently, there are not many pathophysiology that explain the correlation of gut microbiota with ADHD and microbiota-related pharmacotherapy such as probiotics as a potential additional pharmacological therapy for ADHD. Aims & Objectives to determine the relationship between gut microbiota and ADHD pathophysiology and potential probiotic strains. Method This study analyzes several studies that have been collected from databases such as PubMed, Publish or Perish, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and LibGen with predetermined inclusion criteria and in accordance with the PICO that has been prepared. The author evaluates studies in the form of clinical trials, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), meta-analyses, and several other methods. Results Of the 418 research articles collected, 39 studies have met the credibility obtained from the screening process outlined in the form of a PRISMA diagram. Discussion & Conclusions There are differences in gut microbiota levels in ADHD which can trigger dysbiosis conditions such as increased levels of C. albicans fungi, increased levels of Agathobacter; Phascolarctobacterium bacteria, decreased levels of Anaerotaenia; Gracilibacter, decreased diversity of microorganisms in the intestine, and changes in levels of short-chain amino acids. Meanwhile, the results of studies on the administration of probiotics in ADHD are considered to have the potential to reduce symptoms such as reducing anxiety, improving cognitive abilities and mood. Several probiotic strains that have the potential to treat ADHD symptoms are L. paracasei, L. rhamnosus, L. acidophilus, B. longum, B. bifidum although several studies have revealed that the efficacy of probiotics against ADHD is not significant. It can be concluded that gut microbiota has a role in the pathomechanism of ADHD. In ADHD, the level of gut microbiota experiences a condition known as dysbiosis where there is an imbalance in the levels of microorganisms in the intestine, both fungi, bacteria, and viruses that will affect the production of neurotransmitters, dopamine metabolism, and inflammation. Because of this condition, several studies have linked the administration of probiotics as an additional therapy that has the potential to reduce ADHD symptoms, although there have not been many studies that prove the efficacy of probiotics in ADHD.