Host plant specialization and bioturbation by the Amazonian cicada Orialella aerizulae (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)

Adult cicadas in temperate zones are known for their synchronized, loud emergences after spending years underground as nymphs feeding on xylem sap. In contrast, the nymphal stage - where cicadas spend most of their lives - remains poorly understood, especially in the Neotropics. Spatial and host plant relationships between Amazonian cicada nymphs and host trees are virtually unknown, limiting our understanding of the ecological roles of cicadas in Amazonian forests. Here, we present the first detailed spatial ecology study of nymphs of Orialella aerizulae, a species that builds conspicuous turrets. Using systematic mapping and quantification of turrets around Tachigali spp. trees and random control trees, we provide the first quantitative evidence of a specific cicada-tree association by observing xylem-feeding on fine roots within these turrets. We examine the relationship between turret density, tree developmental stage and size, and document emergence and activity patterns over a 19-month field study in the Peruvian Amazon. Finally, we investigate the species' bioturbation impact and its potential relevance to tree growth.