Risk Factors for Fatality of Hospitalized Patients with Coronavirus Infection-2019

<ns3:p>Abstract Background In response to the global cumulative reported case fatality ratio of COVID-19 following the detection of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, governments and healthcare authorities worldwide have developed and distributed an impressive number of new COVID-19 vaccines. This study aimed to explore the association between vaccination status and the outcome of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Methods A retrospective study was carried in Aseer Central Hospital, Abha City, Saudi Arabia. The study included all hospitalized COVID-19 patients (N = 606) admitted to the intensive care unit of Aseer Central Hospital with confirmed COVID-19 infection, who had their detailed personal characteristics, vaccination status, and confirmed outcome (i.e., survival or death) recorded. Results On admission, 62.5% of the patients did not receive any vaccine doses against COVID-19, while 8.1% received one dose, 14.5% received two doses, and 14.9% received three doses. The condition of 51.3% of the patients was critical. Case fatality rates of included patients differed significantly according to their blood groups, received vaccine doses, gender, age groups, nationality, and among those who received intubation or BiPAP/CPAP masks (p&lt;0.001 for all). There were significant odds ratios for patients’ vaccination status, health status on admission, and nationality (p&lt;0.001 for all). Conclusions Vaccination against COVID-19 has a significant preventive impact on patients’ case fatality. Risk factors related to higher case fatalities among hospitalized COVID-19 patients include older age, non-Saudi, and being critically ill.</ns3:p>