Year in Review: Advances in Research in Gout Pathophysiology in 2024

This review provides an overview of the most significant developments in gout pathophysiology research published in 2024. Thirteen studies were selected based on originality, scientific rigor, and potential clinical impact and grouped into four major categories: inflammation and pain mechanisms (LRRC8 anion channels, CXCL5-CXCR2 axis, CD38 and NAD+ metabolism, PLK1 and NLRP3 inflammasome localization, and IFN1 suppression), biomarkers and proteomics (scRNA-seq reveals monocyte and T-cell flare signatures, and Olink serum profiling reveals a proinflammatory signature in hyperuricemia and also identifies TNFSF14 as a novel flare biomarker, while a multi-omics integrative study implicates TRIM46 as a key causal gene), gut virome, and novel therapies (vagus nerve stimulation, biomimetic nanosystem, and restoration of Urate Oxidase (Uox) function). The studies selected focused primarily on work on subjects other than on hyperuricemia. The findings collectively expand our understanding of gout’s complex pathophysiology and highlight potential strategies for diagnosis, management, and innovative treatments.