Neurological Disorders and Motor Dysfunction: A Biomedical Approach to Movement Impairment

Background: Motor dysfunction is a hallmark of many neurological disorders, ranging from degenerative conditions like Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) to acquired injuries such as stroke and cerebral palsy.These disorders compromise the central and peripheral neural pathways that control movement, resulting in weakness, spasticity, tremor, ataxia, and gait disturbances.A biomedical approach offers valuable insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these impairments, while also guiding evidence-based diagnostics and therapeutic interventions.Objectives: This paper explores the biomedical foundations of motor dysfunction in neurological disorders, with emphasis on the mechanisms of neural control of movement, common disease presentations, diagnostic tools, therapeutic strategies, and emerging research trends.Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2015 and 2024.