Diagnostic Accuracy of Optical Coherence Tomography in Patients with Optic Neuritis

Abstract Objective: This systematic review aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with optic neuritis (ON), focusing on its effectiveness in distinguishing ON from other optic neuropathies and examining its potential clinical implications. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify studies assessing the diagnostic performance of OCT in ON. Specific objectives included evaluating OCT’s sensitivity in detecting ON, comparing its performance across disease stages, correlating OCT findings with clinical indicators of severity and visual outcomes and determining its utility in differentiating between ON associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) and non-MS-related demyelinating disease. Results: The review synthesises findings from multiple studies demonstrating OCT’s robust ability to detect structural changes in the retina and optic disc associated with ON. Evidence indicates that OCT effectively differentiates ON from non-inflammatory causes, offers insight into the severity of the condition and correlates with visual function outcomes. Moreover, OCT’s diagnostic accuracy varies across different stages of the disease and shows promise in guiding personalised treatment strategies. Conclusion: OCT emerges as a crucial non-invasive tool in the diagnosis and management of ON, improving diagnostic accuracy and enabling better clinical decision-making. The findings underscore the need for continued research to further elucidate OCT’s role in optic neuropathies and to optimise its clinical application, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes and advancing the understanding of ON.