Fuzzy Logic-Based Expert Evaluation of Tram Driver’s Console Fidelity in a Universal Simulator

Simulators are an effective tool for improving tram driver training. In urban rail transportation, the fidelity of reproducing the driver’s working environment is crucial due to the high diversity of vehicle models. This study presents a structured assessment model for evaluating the mapping of a tram driver’s console in a universal simulator. The model is based on expert judgment and utilizes fuzzy logic to evaluate four key criteria: perspective, button placement, functionality, and time required to locate safety buttons. A group of 30 experts, including experienced tram drivers and technical specialists, assessed the fidelity of the simulated consoles for three tram types: Solaris Tramino S105p, Moderus Gamma LF 06 AC, and Škoda 16T RK. The results enable the classification of console fidelity levels (low, moderate, high) and support the identification of design inconsistencies. The proposed model provides a standardized tool for assessing simulator realism, which can be applied by transport operators, manufacturers, and training centers to improve simulator configurations. Researchers may also use the model as a methodological framework for further evaluation studies involving human–machine interface fidelity.