Characterizing the symptomatology and pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis using a nasal allergen challenge model – a subset of the allergic rhinitis microbiome study

This study confirms the effectiveness of our NAC protocol in eliciting clinical and biological responses in ragweed-allergic participants, particularly highlighting eosinophil activity, IgE, and cytokine dynamics. Future research should investigate the roles of specific IgE, IL-4, and eosinophil activation in allergic inflammation. Additionally, this NAC study population provides a strong foundation for examining the nasal microbiome in AR. Longitudinal studies exploring the relationship between allergic responses and microbiome shifts could offer deeper insights into the underlying mechanisms of disease.