Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions for Pediatric Anxiety: The Role of the Primary Care Medical Team in Assessment, Treatment, and Collaboration

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is the gold standard intervention for pediatric anxiety disorders, and it can be delivered in primary care settings. Pediatric primary care providers (PCPs) are in a uniquely impactful position to assess and treat anxiety disorders due to their first-line contact with youth and their families. Universal screening for anxiety disorders by PCPs is recommended for early detection. Pediatric anxiety can often be managed in primary care through psychoeducation, brief exposure-based CBT, and parent-guided resources; however, more severe or complex cases may require referral. Integrated behavioral health models of care may improve access to CBT for anxiety by embedding mental health providers within primary care teams. Further, evidence-based interventions have shown that PCPs and integrated behavioral health providers can deliver effective care to improve outcomes for anxious youth.