Eating Disorders: Manifestation of Dysphagia and Role of the Speech-Language Pathologist

Purpose: Eating disorders (EDs) are psychiatric conditions characterized by atypical eating behaviors that detrimentally impact an individual's physical and mental well-being. Classifications include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge ED, pica, rumination disorder, and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder. Research has shown dysphagia to be a presenting symptom in most EDs. Swallowing pathologies may also include hyperphagia, pagophagia, and geophagia. Signs of dysphagia present themselves across multiple stages of the swallowing process. The severity and presentation also vary across different types of EDs. The purpose of this article was to present a comprehensive overview of EDs, including characteristics and symptoms, etiology, progression, and the manifestation of dysphagia. The role of the speech-language pathologist (SLP) in assessing and treating dysphagia as a symptom of EDs is also explored. Conclusions: EDs significantly impact both psychological and physiological functioning, often resulting in impaired feeding and swallowing patterns. To understand the manifestation of dysphagia in this context, it is crucial to examine the symptom characteristics, underlying causes, and progression of EDs. SLPs can play a key role in addressing these challenges by providing comprehensive services in screening, assessment, and intervention for dysphagia related to EDs. Additionally, they can also contribute to educational counseling and collaborate as part of interprofessional teams to ensure holistic care and support for affected individuals.