Study on the Synergy of Photovoltaic, Energy Storage, and EV Charging Stations in Low Voltage Grids

With the rapid development of renewable energy, smart grids, and the electric vehicle (EV) industry, the synergy of photovoltaic (PV) systems, energy storage, and EV charging stations in low voltage grids has become a key focus of modern power system research. This study aims to explore the integration and synergistic effects of these technologies in low voltage distribution networks. The objective is to develop an optimization model for energy storage systems that minimizes the algebraic sum of energy storage investment costs, operational management costs, line loss costs, and energy purchase reduction savings. Methodology: A low voltage distribution network model is proposed, incorporating distributed photovoltaics, EV charging stations, and energy storage systems. The optimization model is formulated with constraint conditions on node voltage, branch current, remaining energy level, and charge/discharge power. The model is solved using a genetic algorithm. Results: The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through a case study of the modified IEEE 33-node system. Discussion and Conclusion: The results show that the integration of PV, energy storage, and EV charging infrastructure can significantly reduce costs and improve energy efficiency in low voltage grids. The proposed optimization model proves effective in enhancing the overall performance of such systems.