Measurement and spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of china's domestic circulation level

• Establishing a comprehensive evaluation index system of domestic circulation level encompassing four dimensions of production, distribution, circulation, and consumption. • Using entropy weight method and coupling coordination degree model to measure China's domestic circulation level. • Using kernel density estimation method, Dagum Gini coefficient method, and spatial autocorrelation analysis method to reveal the evolutionary patterns and regional differences of China's domestic circulation level. • Proposing policy recommendations from multiple perspectives to facilitate China's domestic circulation. The dominance of domestic demand and internal recyclability are the unique advantages of a major country's economy. Scientifically evaluating domestic circulation level and analyzing its evolution characteristics are of great significance for finding out practical problems and realization paths of domestic circulation development. Revealing the evolutionary patterns and regional differences of China's domestic circulation level. Entropy weight method, Coupling coordination degree model, Kernel density estimation method, Dagum Gini coefficient method, and Spatial autocorrelation analysis method. The level of China's domestic circulation exhibits an overall upward trend. The gradient effect of provincial domestic circulation level has not yet formed, and there is a certain polarization phenomenon. There is spatial imbalance in domestic circulation level, mainly due to between-region disparities. Furthermore, the domestic circulation level has significant positive spatial autocorrelation and spatial agglomeration characteristics, and the autocorrelation shows an increasing trend.